Class 12th English Medium Chemistry Notes

🌍 Chemistry’s Role in Everyday Life 🌍 💊 Chemistry in Medicine 💊 Pharmacology: 🍲 Chemistry in Food 🍲 Enzymes in Food: 🧴 Chemistry in Detergents and Cleaning Products 🧴 Antiseptics and Disinfectants: 🌱 Chemicals in the Environment 🌱 Effects of Pollution: 🔬 Applications in Everyday Life 🔬 🌟 Key Takeaways 🌟

🌟 Introduction to Solid State 🌟 🏗️ Types of Solids 🏗️ 🏠 Crystal Systems and Laws of Crystallography 🏠 Seven Crystal Systems: Laws of Crystallography: 💎 Properties of Solids 💎 🔧 Defects in Solids 🔧 Crystal Defects: Imperfections in the regular arrangement of atoms in a crystal. They can affect the properties of solids like

🌊 Introduction to Solutions 🌊 🌟 Types of Solutions 🌟 🔢 Concentration Terms 🔢 🧪 Colligative Properties 🧪 🌈 Key Concepts to Remember 🌈

🌟 Introduction to Electrochemistry 🌟 🔋 Electrochemical Cells 🔋 ⚙️ Electrolytic Cells & Electrolysis ⚙️ 💡 Conductance & Factors Affecting Conductivity 💡 ⚡ Electrochemical Series ⚡ 🔑 Nernst Equation 🔑 🧪 Gibbs Free Energy and Electrochemistry 🧪 Where: 🧰 Applications of Electrochemistry 🧰 ⚡ Conclusion ⚡

🔍 Introduction to Chemical Kinetics 🔍 ⏱️ Rate of Reaction ⏱️ ⚙️ Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction ⚙️ 🧪 Rate Laws and Order of Reaction 🧪 💡 Arrhenius Equation 💡 Where: 🔄 Integrated Rate Equations for Different Orders 🔄 🔬 Activation Energy and Its Significance 🔬 ⚡ Collision Theory ⚡ 📊 Experimental Determination of

✨ Introduction to Surface Chemistry ✨ 🔍 Adsorption 🔍 🧪 Types of Adsorption 🧪 ⚖️ Factors Affecting Adsorption ⚖️ 💠 Colloidal Systems 💠 🧑‍🔬 Types of Colloids 🧑‍🔬 🧪 Preparation of Colloids 🧪 🌟 Properties of Colloids 🌟 💥 Catalysis 💥 🧑‍🔬 Types of Catalysis 🧑‍🔬 ⚡ Catalytic Activity and Mechanism ⚡ 🧩 Colloidal Stability

🌟 Introduction to Extraction of Elements 🌟 🔍 Methods of Extraction 🔍 The methods used to extract metals depend on the nature of the ore, reactivity of the metal, and presence of impurities. The key methods of extraction include: 🧲 Magnetic Separation 🧲 🧪 Solvent Extraction 🧪 🔥 Roasting and Calcination 🔥 ⚡ Electrolytic Reduction

🌟 Introduction to p-Block Elements 🌟 ⚙️ Groups in p-Block Elements ⚙️ 💥 Trends in Properties of p-Block Elements 💥 🧬 Preparation and Properties of Compounds 🧬 💡 Important Reactions in p-Block Compounds 💡 🌍 Applications of p-Block Elements 🌍 🌟 Conclusion 🌟

🌟 Introduction to d- and f-Block Elements 🌟 ⚙️ Properties of Transition Metals ⚙️ 🌈 Color and Magnetism in d-Block Compounds 🌈 💡 Lanthanides and Actinides 💡 🔥 Uses of d- and f-Block Elements 🔥 🌟 Conclusion 🌟

🌟 What Are Coordination Compounds? 🌟 🧰 Key Terms in Coordination Compounds 🧰 🧪 Werner’s Theory 🧪 💡 Valence Bond Theory (VBT) 💡 🌈 Crystal Field Theory (CFT) 🌈 ⚡ Applications of Coordination Compounds ⚡ 🌟 Conclusion 🌟

🧴 1. Haloalkanes (Alkyl halides) 🧪 Nomenclature: Preparation of Haloalkanes: Chemical Properties of Haloalkanes: Industrial Uses of Haloalkanes: 🌿 2. Haloarenes (Aromatic halides) 🌸 Nomenclature: Preparation of Haloarenes: Electrophilic Substitution Reactions in Haloarenes: Chemical Properties of Haloarenes: Industrial Uses of Haloarenes: 🌸 Conclusion 🧴 🌿

🍃 1. Alcohols (Functional Group -OH) 💧 Structure and Functional Group: Preparation of Alcohols: Chemical Properties of Alcohols: Uses of Alcohols: 🌿 2. Phenols (Functional Group -OH attached to an aromatic ring) 🌺 Structure and Functional Group: Preparation of Phenols: Acidity of Phenols: Chemical Reactions of Phenols: Uses of Phenols: 🌸 3. Ethers (Functional Group

🌿 Introduction to Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids 🍃 Aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids are important organic compounds with distinct functional groups and diverse applications in fragrances, flavours, and pharmaceuticals. Their preparation methods, reactivity, and uses make them integral to several industries. ⚗️ 1. Aldehydes (Functional Group -CHO) 🍂 🧪 Structure and Functional Group 🔬

🌟 What are Biomolecules? 🧑‍🔬 🌿 Types of Biomolecules 🌱 1. 🍞 Carbohydrates (Energy Powerhouses) 2. 🍖 Proteins (Body Builders) 3. 🧈 Lipids (Fatty Energy Sources) 4. 🧬 Nucleic Acids (Genetic Blueprints) ✨ Enzymes and Their Mechanisms of Action 🔬 🌟 Vitamins, Hormones, and Their Biological Significance 💊 1. 🌞 Vitamins (Micronutrient Warriors) 2. 🧑‍🔬

🌟 What are Polymers? 🧑‍🔬 🎨 Classification of Polymers 📂 🎉 Types of Polymers ✍️ 🏠 Uses of Polymers in Industry and Daily Life 🏭 🌍 Polymers Around Us 🌱 💡 Interesting Facts 🤔 ✨ Summary 📑 ! 🌟🧪