🧾 CBSE Sample Paper (History – Class 12, Course C) Chapter: Rebels and the Raj – The Revolt of 1857 and Its Representations Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 40(Answer all questions as per marks distribution.) 🧩 Section A – Very Short Answer Questions (1 × 4 = 4 Marks) (Answer each question in about 30 words) […]
Liberalisation, Privatisation & Globalisation — Notes (Economic Reforms since 1991) Liberalisation, Privatisation & Globalisation — Notes (Economic Reforms since 1991) 1. Introduction — Short summary In 1991 India initiated a major shift in economic policy to open and integrate the economy with the world — commonly referred to as Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation (LPG). These
CBSE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 2025 Class 12 – History (Course C) Chapter 1: Colonialism and the Countryside – Exploring Official ArchivesMaximum Marks: 40 (Chapter-wise Test)Time: 90 Minutes(Based on CBSE Board Examination Format) Section A – Very Short Answer Questions (1 × 5 = 5 marks) (Answer in about 20–30 words each) Q1. What were the
Indian Economy 1950–1990 – CBSE Sample Paper CBSE Sample Paper – Indian Economy 1950–1990 Instructions Answer all questions in Hindi or English. All questions are compulsory. The paper includes different types of questions: very short, short, and long answer. Section A – Very Short Answer (1 mark each) What type of economy did India adopt
Indian Economy 1950–1990 — Notes Indian Economy, 1950–1990 — Comprehensive Notes An organized set of notes covering the evolution of India’s economy from early post-independence planning through three decades of planned development and the policy approaches that shaped agriculture, industry and trade (1950–1990). Introduction The period 1950–1990 in Indian economic history is often treated as
Class XI Economics — Chapter 1: Introduction — Sample Paper (50 Marks) — Bilingual Class XI — Economics Chapter 1: Introduction — A Simple Economy Sample Question Paper (CBSE pattern) — Total Marks: 50 Bilingual: English / हिन्दी Instructions / निर्देश: All questions are compulsory. / सभी प्रश्न अनिवार्य हैं। Write the question number clearly
Chapter 1 — Introduction: Class 11 Economics (Notes) Chapter 1 — Introduction (Class 11 Economics) 1. What is Economics? Economics studies how individuals, firms and societies choose to use scarce resources to produce goods and services and distribute them for consumption among competing users. It explains choices made under conditions of scarcity — when wants
🏛️ CBSE SAMPLE PAPER – HISTORY (CLASS XII) Course B – Chapter 1: Through the Eyes of Travellers (Perceptions of Society) Maximum Marks: 30 (Full Chapter-based Test)Time: 1½ Hours(All Questions are Compulsory) SECTION – A (Very Short Answer Type) (1 mark each × 5 = 5 marks) Q1. Who was Al-Biruni and what was his
🟩 CBSE CLASS 11 – POLITICAL SCIENCE (COURSE B) CHAPTER 8 – Recent Developments in Indian Politics Sample Question Paper (Full Marks: 40)Time: 90 Minutes 🧩 General Instructions: SECTION – A (Very Short Answer Type Questions) (1 Mark each) Q1. What is meant by the “Era of Coalitions” in Indian politics?Answer: The Era of Coalitions
🟩 Chapter 8 – Recent Developments in Indian Politics 🔹 Introduction 🔹 Context of the 1990s 🔹 Era of Coalitions 🔹 Central Governments Since 1989 🔹 Communalism, Secularism, Democracy 🔹 Emergence of a New Consensus 🔹 Party Position in 17th Lok Sabha (2019–present) 🔹 Conclusion
🟩 कक्षा 11 – राजनीतिक विज्ञान (Course B) अध्याय 7 – क्षेत्रीय आकांक्षाएँ पूर्णांक – 40 | समय – 1 घंटा 30 मिनट 🧩 सामान्य निर्देश: खंड – A (अति लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न) (प्रत्येक प्रश्न 1 अंक) प्रश्न 1. “क्षेत्रीय आकांक्षाएँ” से क्या अभिप्राय है?उत्तर: क्षेत्रीय आकांक्षाएँ किसी विशेष क्षेत्र द्वारा राजनीतिक, सांस्कृतिक या आर्थिक
🟩 CBSE CLASS 11 – POLITICAL SCIENCE (COURSE B) CHAPTER 7 – Regional Aspirations Sample Question Paper (Full Marks: 40)Time: 90 Minutes 🧩 General Instructions: SECTION – A (Very Short Answer Type Questions) (1 Mark each) Q1. What is meant by “Regional Aspirations”?Answer: Regional aspirations are demands of a particular region for political, cultural, or
🟩 Chapter 7 – Regional Aspirations 🔹 Introduction 🔹 Regional Aspiration 🔹 Region and the Nation 🔹 Jammu and Kashmir 🔹 The North-East 🔹 Accommodation and National Integration 🔹 Conclusion
🟩 CBSE CLASS 11 – POLITICAL SCIENCE (COURSE B) CHAPTER 6 – The Crisis of Democratic Order Sample Question Paper (Full Marks: 40)Time: 90 Minutes 🧩 General Instructions: SECTION – A (Very Short Answer Type Questions) (1 Mark each) Q1. What is meant by the “Crisis of Democratic Order”?Answer: It refers to a period when
🟩 Chapter 6 – The Crisis of Democratic Order 🔹 Introduction 🔹 Background to Emergency 🔹 Declaration of Emergency 🔹 Politics after Emergency 🔹 Consequences of Emergency 🔹 Conclusion
🟩 CBSE CLASS 11 – POLITICAL SCIENCE (COURSE B) CHAPTER 5 – Outcomes of Development Sample Question Paper (Full Marks: 40)Time: 90 Minutes 🧩 General Instructions: SECTION – A (Very Short Answer Type Questions) (1 Mark each) Q1. Define “development outcomes”.Answer: Development outcomes are the real improvements in people’s lives resulting from economic, social, and
🟩 Chapter 5 – Outcomes of Development 🔹 Introduction 🔹 Economic Outcomes 🔹 Social Outcomes 🔹 Environmental Outcomes 🔹 Historical Context of Development in India 🔹 Political Outcomes of Development 🔹 Challenges in Achieving Desired Outcomes 🔹 Strategies to Improve Outcomes 🔹 Conclusion
🟩 CBSE CLASS 11 – POLITICAL SCIENCE (COURSE B) CHAPTER 4 – Challenges to Development Sample Question Paper (Full Marks: 40)Time: 90 Minutes 🧩 General Instructions: SECTION – A (Very Short Answer Type Questions) (1 Mark each) Q1. Define development in the context of a country.Answer: Development is the process of improving the economic, social,
🟩 Chapter 4 – Challenges to Development 🔹 Introduction 🔹 Poverty and Inequality 🔹 Unemployment 🔹 Regional Disparities 🔹 Social Exclusion 🔹 Environmental Challenges 🔹 Population Pressure 🔹 Challenges in Agriculture 🔹 Industrial and Technological Challenges 🔹 Challenges in Education and Health 🔹 Globalization and Development 🔹 Political Challenges 🔹 Strategies to Overcome Development Challenges
🟩 CBSE CLASS 11 – POLITICAL SCIENCE (COURSE B) CHAPTER 3 – Politics of Planned Development Sample Question Paper (Full Marks: 40)Time: 90 Minutes 🧩 General Instructions: SECTION – A (Very Short Answer Type Questions) (1 Mark each) Q1. In which year was the Planning Commission established?Answer: 1950 Q2. Who was the first Chairperson of
🟩 Chapter 3 – Politics of Planned Development (fu;ksftr fodkl dh jktuhfr) 🔹 Introduction 🔹 The Need for Planned Development 🔹 Establishment of the Planning Commission 🔹 Objectives of Planned Development The main objectives of planning in India were: 🔹 The First Five-Year Plan (1951–1956) 🔹 The Second Five-Year Plan (1956–1961) 🔹 The Third Five-Year
🟩 CBSE CLASS 11 – POLITICAL SCIENCE (COURSE B) CHAPTER 2 – THE ERA OF ONE-PARTY DOMINANCE Sample Question Paper (Full Marks: 40)Time: 90 Minutes 🧩 General Instructions: SECTION – A (Very Short Answer Type) (1 Mark each) Q1. Which political party dominated Indian politics immediately after Independence?Answer: The Indian National Congress (INC). Q2. In
🇮🇳 Era of One-Party Dominance 🪧 Introduction 🏛️ The Congress System and Its Dominance 📊 Challenge of Building a Party System 1. Absence of Strong Opposition 2. Formation of a Democratic Opposition 3. One-Party System or One-Party Dominance? ⚙️ Role and Nature of the Congress System 1. Broad-based Organization 2. Internal Democracy 3. Balancing Interests
🧭 CBSE SAMPLE PAPER (Political Science – Class 11, Course B) Chapter: Challenges of Nation-BuildingMaximum Marks: 40Time: 90 minutesGeneral Instructions: SECTION – A (Very Short Answer Questions) (1 mark each × 5 = 5 marks) Q1. When did India gain independence?Ans. India gained independence on 15th August 1947. Q2. Who played the main role in
CHAPTER 1 – CHALLENGES OF NATION-BUILDING Introduction 1. CHALLENGES OF NATION-BUILDING 1.1 Political Integration 1.2 Partition and Its Consequences 1.3 Economic Backwardness 1.4 Social Diversity and Unity 1.5 Establishing Democracy 1.6 Upholding Secularism 2. CHALLENGES OF NEW STATES AND REGIONS 2.1 Integration of Princely States Steps of Integration Examples 2.2 Reorganization of States Formation of
🏛️ CBSE Class 11 Political Science (Course A) Sample Paper (2025) Chapter 10: The Philosophy of the Constitution Maximum Marks: 40Time: 1 hour 30 minutes(No Copyright Material) General Instructions: SECTION – A: Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark each) (Answer in about 20–30 words each) Answers (1 Mark Each) SECTION – B: Short Answer
🌿 Chapter 10: The Philosophy of the Constitution Introduction Key Ideas: What is Meant by the Philosophy of the Constitution? 1. Origin of Constitutional Philosophy 2. Meaning 3. Importance In short: The philosophy of the Constitution explains what kind of society India aspires to be and what values should guide its governance. Constitution as a
Chapter 10: The Philosophy of the Constitution Introduction What is meant by the philosophy of the Constitution? Key Points: Constitution as a Means of Democratic Transformation Key Objectives of Transformation: What is the Political Philosophy of Our Constitution? Core Principles: Limitations of the Constitution While the Constitution is visionary, it has practical limitations: Conclusion Key
CBSE Class 11 Political Science – Course A Chapter 9: Constitution as a Living Document Maximum Marks: 35Time: 2 Hours General Instructions: Section A: Very Short Answer Questions (1 × 5 = 5 Marks) Q1. Define a “living constitution”.Ans: A living constitution is one that adapts and evolves over time to meet the changing needs
CHAPTER 9: CONSTITUTION AS A LIVING DOCUMENT Introduction ARE CONSTITUTIONS STATIC? 1. Changing Society 2. Purpose of a Constitution 3. Ambiguity by Design 4. Democratic Flexibility 5. Continuity and Change HOW TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION? 1. Purpose of Amendment 2. Methods of Amendment in India The Indian Constitution provides three types of amendment procedures: A.
🏛️ सीबीएसई नमूना प्रश्न पत्र (SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER) कक्षा – 11 (Class XI) विषय – राजनीति विज्ञान (Political Science) अध्याय 8 – स्थानीय सरकारें (Local Governments) समय : 1 घंटा 30 मिनट अधिकतम अंक : 40 खंड A – अति लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न (प्रत्येक 1 अंक) (प्रत्येक प्रश्न का उत्तर एक वाक्य में दीजिए) उत्तर –
🏛️ CBSE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER Class XI – Political Science (Course A) Chapter 8 – LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Time: 90 Minutes Maximum Marks: 40(No Copyright – Free for Academic Use) SECTION A – VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 Mark each) (Answer in one sentence only.) Answers – Section A SECTION B – SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks
CHAPTER 8 – LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Introduction WHY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS? GROWTH OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN INDIA 1. Ancient and Medieval Periods 2. British Period 3. Post-Independence Period (Before 1992) LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN INDEPENDENT INDIA 73RD AND 74TH AMENDMENTS (1992) Background 73RD AMENDMENT – RURAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT 1. Constitutional Provisions 2. Structure of Panchayati Raj Three-tier structure:
🏛️ CBSE CLASS 11 POLITICAL SCIENCE (COURSE A) SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER Chapter – 7: FederalismTime: 1 hour 30 minutes Full Marks: 40 🧩 SECTION – A (Very Short Answer Questions) Each question carries 1 mark. (1 × 5 = 5 marks) Q1. What is the main characteristic of a federal government?Answer: Power is divided between the
CHAPTER 7 — FEDERALISM INTRODUCTION WHAT IS FEDERALISM? FEDERALISM IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION DIVISION OF POWERS FEDERALISM WITH A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ROLE OF GOVERNORS AND PRESIDENT’S RULE SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR CERTAIN STATES JAMMU AND KASHMIR (SPECIAL STATUS AND CHANGES) COOPERATIVE AND COMPETITIVE FEDERALISM CONCLUSION KEY TERMS Term Meaning Federalism Division of powers between central
CBSE Class 11 Political Science – Sample Question Paper Chapter 6: JudiciaryMaximum Marks: 80Time: 3 hours General Instructions: PART A: VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 mark each, 8 × 1 = 8 Marks) Answers – Part A PART B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3–4 marks each, 6 × 3 = 18 Marks) Answers – Part B
JUDICIARY Introduction WHY DO WE NEED AN INDEPENDENT JUDICIARY? INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY APPOINTMENT OF JUDGES REMOVAL OF JUDGES STRUCTURE OF THE JUDICIARY ADVISORY JURISDICTION JUDICIARY AND RIGHTS JUDICIARY AND PARLIAMENT CONCLUSION
CBSE Class 11 Political Science – Sample Question Paper Chapter 5: Legislature (Parliament)Maximum Marks: 80Time: 3 hours General Instructions: PART A: VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 mark each, 8 × 1 = 8 Marks) Answers – Part A PART B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3–4 marks each, 6 × 3 = 18 Marks) Answers – Part
LEGISLATURE (PARLIAMENT) Introduction WHY DO WE NEED A PARLIAMENT? WHY DO WE NEED TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT? RAJYA SABHA (COUNCIL OF STATES) LOK SABHA (HOUSE OF THE PEOPLE) POWERS OF RAJYA SABHA HOW DOES THE PARLIAMENT MAKE LAWS? HOW DOES THE PARLIAMENT CONTROL THE EXECUTIVE? HOW DOES THE PARLIAMENT REGULATE ITSELF? Conclusion
CBSE कक्षा 11 – राजनीतिक विज्ञान विषय: कार्यपालिका (Executive)समय: 3 घंटेअधिकतम अंक: 80 निर्देश: अनुभाग A – अति लघु उत्तर (1×6 = 6 अंक) उत्तर – अनुभाग A अनुभाग B – लघु उत्तर (3×6 = 18 अंक) उत्तर – अनुभाग B अनुभाग C – दीर्घ उत्तर (5×6 = 30 अंक) उत्तर – अनुभाग C अनुभाग
