Author name: Alka Jaiswal

🌍 Introduction to Minerals and Energy Resources 🔸 Minerals and energy resources form the backbone of the industrial and economic development of a country.🔸 They are naturally occurring substances with definite chemical composition, found in the earth’s crust.🔸 These resources are essential for the manufacturing of goods, construction of buildings, and generation of power. ⛏️

🔴 Introduction to Agriculture 🔹 Agriculture is the primary activity that involves the cultivation of crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers, and the rearing of livestock.🔹 It forms the backbone of the Indian economy, employing more than 50% of the Indian workforce.🔹 It contributes a significant share to India’s GDP, especially in rural areas.🔹 The word ‘agriculture’

🌊 Water Resources 🌟 Importance and Availability of Water Resources 🔵 Water is a renewable natural resource that plays a critical role in sustaining life, agriculture, industry, and ecosystems. 🔴 India receives precipitation of about 4000 cubic km annually, but only 1122 cubic km is available for use due to topographical and spatial variation. 🟢

🌟 Importance and Availability of Water Resources 🔵 Water is a renewable natural resource that plays a critical role in sustaining life, agriculture, industry, and ecosystems. 🔴 India receives precipitation of about 4000 cubic km annually, but only 1122 cubic km is available for use due to topographical and spatial variation. 🟢 Out of the

🌿 Introduction: Importance of Forest and Wildlife Resources 🌿 What is Biodiversity? 🌿 Significance of Forests and Wildlife 🌿 India’s Rich Biodiversity 🌿 Causes of Depletion of Forest and Wildlife Resources 🌿 Categories of Species (as per IUCN) 🌿 Biodiversity Crisis: A Major Concern 🌿 Development vs. Conservation 🌿 Need for Conservation 🌿 Governmental Conservation

🔹 What Are Resources? 🔹 Types of Resources 🔸 On the Basis of Origin 🔸 On the Basis of Exhaustibility 🔸 On the Basis of Ownership 🔸 On the Basis of Development 🔹 Resource Planning in India 🔹 Importance of Resource Planning 🔹 Conservation of Resources 🔹 Land Resources in India 🔸 Importance of Land

🟢 Origin and Growth of Print Culture 🔵 What is Print Culture? 🔵 Before the Age of Print – The Manuscript Culture 🔵 Invention of Printing in China 🔵 Print in Japan 🔵 Printing in Europe 🔵 Gutenberg’s Printing Press (1440) 🔵 The Print Revolution in Europe 🔵 Print and the Enlightenment 🔵 The French

🟢 The Beginning of Nationalism in India 🔵 Meaning of Nationalism 🔵 Factors that Led to Nationalism in India 🔵 The First World War and Nationalism 🔵 Arrival of Mahatma Gandhi 🔵 Satyagraha Movements Before 1919 🔵 Rowlatt Act (1919) and Reaction 🔵 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919) 🟣 Major Movements and Impact of Indian Nationalism

🟢 I. Introduction to Industrialization 🔵 Industrialization refers to the process where industries were developed on a large scale with the use of machines, starting first in Britain in the 18th century.🔵 The First Industrial Revolution began around 1750 and drastically changed the world economically, socially, and politically.🔵 While commonly associated with modern factory production,

🕰️ I. The Pre-Modern World 🔵 The Global World Before the 19th Century 🟢 Silk Routes: Linking Distant Lands 🟣 Food as a Global Connector 🟡 Voyages and the New World 🟠 Conquest and Colonization 🔁 II. The Nineteenth Century (1815–1914) 🔴 A New Era of Global Economy 🟠 Technological Advancements in Transport 🟣 Colonial

🏛️ I. Emergence of Nationalism in Europe 🔵 Nationalism: 🟢 French Revolution (1789): 🔴 Impact of the French Revolution: 🟠 Napoleon’s Rule and Reactions: 🟣 Role of Liberalism: 🟡 Conservatism after 1815: 🔵 Giuseppe Mazzini and Young Italy: 🟢 Secret Societies: 🏞️ II. Unification Movements in Europe 🔴 Unification of Italy: 🟠 Unification of Germany:

🌍 Introduction to Nationalism in India 🔹 Nationalism refers to the feeling of unity and collective identity among a group of people who consider themselves a nation.🔹 In India, nationalism emerged as a powerful force in the early 20th century, uniting millions in the fight against British colonial rule.🔹 The First World War, economic hardships,