Formal Letter Writing Guide Formal Letter Writing Guide Sender’s Address: 123, Rose Street, New Delhi – 110001 Date: 10 October 2025 Receiver’s Address: The Principal, ABC School, New Delhi – 110002 Subject: Leave Application / Complaint / Request Respected Sir/Madam, I am writing to inform you that I will not be able to attend school […]
क्रिया (Verb) – CBSE Class 12 Hindi व्याकरण 📘 क्रिया (Verb) – CBSE Class 12 Hindi व्याकरण 🌞 परिचय क्रिया वह शब्द है जो किसी कार्य, अवस्था या घटना को प्रकट करता है। यह वाक्य में कर्ता के कार्य या स्थिति के बारे में जानकारी देता है। उदाहरण: राम खाता है। सीता गाती है। बच्चे
संधि (Sandhi) – CBSE Class 12 Hindi व्याकरण 📘 संधि (Sandhi) – CBSE Class 12 Hindi व्याकरण 🌞 परिचय ‘संधि’ शब्द का अर्थ है — मेल या जोड़। जब दो वर्ण मिलकर नया रूप धारण करते हैं, तो उस परिवर्तन को संधि कहा जाता है। 📚 संधि की परिभाषा जब दो शब्दों या वर्णों के
काल (Tense) – CBSE Class 12 Hindi व्याकरण 📘 काल (Tense) – CBSE Class 12 Hindi व्याकरण 🌞 परिचय ‘काल’ शब्द का अर्थ है – समय। जिस शब्द या वाक्य से यह ज्ञात हो कि कार्य कब हुआ, हो रहा है या होगा, उसे काल कहते हैं। 📚 काल की परिभाषा वह व्याकरणिक रूप जिससे
CBSE Class 12 Hindi व्याकरण: समास (Samas) Notes CBSE Class 12 Hindi व्याकरण: सामास (Samas) यह पृष्ठ CBSE कक्षा 12 हिन्दी व्याकरण के महत्वपूर्ण विषय “सामास” के सम्पूर्ण और सरल नोट्स प्रदान करता है। इसमें परिभाषा, प्रकार, उदाहरण, नियम, अभ्यास और परीक्षा-सहायक टिप्स शामिल हैं। परिचय (Introduction) ‘समास’ शब्द संस्कृत धातु ‘सम् + अस्’ से
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: Madam Rides the Bus CBSE Class 10 English Notes: Madam Rides the Bus A concise, original and exam-friendly set of notes for the chapter “Madam Rides the Bus” by Vijaydan Detha. These notes include a pointwise summary, character sketches, themes, important extracts with explanations, moral lessons, useful vocabulary and practical
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde This chapter by Robert Louis Stevenson is a classic Gothic tale exploring the dual nature of humanity—the struggle between good and evil. It tells the story of
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Hack Driver CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Hack Driver This chapter by W. Somerset Maugham is a short story that revolves around human cunning, deception, and practical intelligence. It tells the story of a city man who faces unexpected cleverness from a country hack driver. Summary The story
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Book That Saved the Earth CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Book That Saved the Earth This chapter by Sigrid Undset is a science-fiction story that emphasizes the power of knowledge, human ingenuity, and the importance of literature in shaping humanity’s future. It narrates how a book preserves wisdom
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Necklace CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Necklace This chapter is a short story by Guy de Maupassant about human desires, vanity, and the consequences of pride. It tells the story of Madame Mathilde Loisel, a woman who dreams of wealth and social status, and how her vanity leads
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Making of a Scientist CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Making of a Scientist This chapter is an inspiring autobiography excerpt by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, India’s former President and renowned scientist. It describes his childhood, early experiences, and the qualities that shaped him into a successful scientist. Summary
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: Footprints without Feet CBSE Class 10 English Notes: Footprints without Feet This chapter is a science-fiction story by H.G. Wells about invisibility and its consequences. The story narrates how Griffin, a scientist, discovers the secret of becoming invisible and explores the effects of his newfound power on himself and others.
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Midnight Visitor CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Midnight Visitor This chapter is a detective story by Robert Arthur about a clever and courageous young woman, Miss Dawn, who faces a dangerous situation and uses her intelligence to solve a mystery and escape a threat. Summary The story centers
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Letter CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Letter This chapter is a story by Dhumaketu about love, separation, and the emotional impact of letters. It explores human emotions and relationships through a poignant narrative. Summary The story revolves around a man who receives a letter from his beloved, which
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: Madam Rides the Bus CBSE Class 10 English Notes: Madam Rides the Bus This chapter is a story by Vijaydan Detha about a young girl, Miss Reema, who experiences freedom, curiosity, and self-discovery during her first solo bus ride. The story is engaging and reflects the theme of independence and
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: Mijbil the Otter CBSE Class 10 English Notes: Mijbil the Otter This chapter is an autobiographical excerpt by Gavin Maxwell, describing his experiences with Mijbil, a young otter. The story is engaging, humorous, and informative, introducing students to the life and behavior of otters. Summary Gavin Maxwell narrates how he
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: Tea from Assam CBSE Class 10 English Notes: Tea from Assam This chapter is an autobiographical excerpt by Mary Kom, the world-famous Indian boxer. She narrates her childhood, struggles, and the environment she grew up in while introducing students to her homeland of Assam. Summary Mary Kom describes her early
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: Glimpses of India CBSE Class 10 English Notes: Glimpses of India This chapter is an excerpt from Jawaharlal Nehru’s writings, giving a vivid description of India’s natural beauty, cultural diversity, and traditions. The notes are structured to help students understand the essence of Nehru’s vision of India. Summary Jawaharlal Nehru,
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Hundred Dresses – I CBSE Class 10 English Notes: The Hundred Dresses – I This chapter is the first part of Eleanor Estes’ famous story, which explores friendship, bullying, and empathy through the experiences of Peggy, Wanda, and other children at school. These notes provide a detailed understanding for
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: From the Diary of Anne Frank CBSE Class 10 English Notes: From the Diary of Anne Frank This chapter is an excerpt from the famous diary of Anne Frank, a young Jewish girl hiding during World War II. The diary entries give insight into her thoughts, feelings, fears, and hopes
Two Stories About Flying – Class 10 English Notes | CBSE Summary & Explanation CBSE Class 10 English – Two Stories About Flying Textbook: First Flight | Board: CBSE | Chapter 3 This chapter from the CBSE Class 10 English syllabus contains two inspiring stories – “His First Flight” by Liam O’Flaherty and “The Black
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: Nelson Mandela — Long Walk to Freedom CBSE Class 10 English Notes: Nelson Mandela — Long Walk to Freedom Comprehensive, original and SEO-optimized notes for CBSE Class 10 English. This article covers a pointwise summary, character sketch, themes, key extracts, moral lessons and practical exam tips for the chapter “Nelson
CBSE Class 10 English Notes: A Letter to God — Summary, Themes & Analysis CBSE Class 10 English Notes: A Letter to God Comprehensive, original and SEO-friendly notes for CBSE Class 10 English. This page contains a detailed summary, character analysis, key themes, literary devices, moral lessons and exam tips for “A Letter to God”
Course Structure & Marks Distribution Total Marks: 80 (Theory) + 20 (Internal Assessment) Duration: 3 hours Internal Assessment: 20 marks (includes periodic tests, speaking and listening skills, and project work) 🧭 Section-wise Weightage Section Title Marks Periods A Reading Skills 20 40B Writing Skills & Grammar 20 40C Language through Literature 40 50Total 80 📖
CBSE Class 12 Economics Notes: National Income and Related Aggregates (2025–26) CBSE Class 12 Economics Notes: National Income and Related Aggregates (2025–26) Introduction The study of macroeconomics focuses on the functioning of the economy as a whole. It examines overall economic indicators such as national income, employment, inflation, and growth. Among these, National Income and
📊 Exam Structure & Marking Scheme Component Marks Duration Theory Paper 80 3 hoursProject Work / Internal Assessment 20 –Total 100 – 🧮 Parts & Units The syllabus is divided into two parts: Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics (40 Marks) Part B: Indian Economic Development (40 Marks) Here are the units, their marks, and major topics:
Mahatma Gandhi – A real Hero Mahatma Gandhi, also known as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, is one of the most iconic figures in Indian and world history. He is remembered as the Father of the Nation in India and is globally admired for his principles of non-violence (Ahimsa), truth (Satya), and civil disobedience. Gandhi’s life and
CBSE English Quiz Game CBSE Class 12 English Quiz Game Time left: 15 Next Question
Part A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. Food security means:(a) Availability of food only(b) Access to sufficient and nutritious food(c) Low prices of food(d) Government supply of grainsAnswer: (b) Access to sufficient and nutritious food 2. Which of the following is a component of food security?(a) Availability of food(b) Access to food(c) Proper utilization
Part A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. Which of the following is a major cause of poverty in India?(a) Illiteracy(b) Unemployment(c) Unequal distribution of resources(d) All of the aboveAnswer: (d) All of the above 2. People living below the poverty line are unable to meet:(a) Their minimum food requirements(b) Educational expenses only(c) Entertainment expenses(d)
Part A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. Human capital refers to:(a) Physical assets like machinery(b) Skills, knowledge, and labour of people(c) Natural resources(d) Financial capitalAnswer: (b) 2. An example of human capital investment is:(a) Buying a tractor(b) Providing education and training(c) Building a warehouse(d) Importing fertilizersAnswer: (b) 3. Population becomes a resource when:(a) Uneducated
Part A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Q1. The main production activity in Palampur village is:a) Transportb) Farmingc) Dairyd) Small-scale manufacturingAnswer: b) Farming Q2. What is the standard unit of measuring land?a) Acreb) Bighac) Hectared) Square meterAnswer: c) Hectare Q3. HYV seeds stand for:a) High Yielding Varietyb) High Value Yieldc) Highly Yielding Vegetablesd) High Yielding
Part A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. Which of the following is not a Fundamental Right in India? a) Right to Equalityb) Right to Propertyc) Right to Freedomd) Right to Constitutional RemediesAns. b) Right to Property 2. The Fundamental Rights in India are included in which part of the Constitution? a) Part Ib) Part
Part A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Who is the head of the State in India?a) Prime Ministerb) Presidentc) Chief Justiced) Speaker of Lok SabhaAns: b) President Who is the real executive head in India?a) Presidentb) Prime Ministerc) Governord) Chief MinisterAns: b) Prime Minister The Indian Parliament consists of:a) Lok Sabha onlyb) Rajya Sabha onlyc)
Part A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Q1. Which body conducts elections in India?(a) Parliament(b) Election Commission of India(c) Supreme Court(d) State GovernmentAns: (b) Election Commission of India Q2. What is the minimum age to contest Lok Sabha elections?(a) 18 years(b) 21 years(c) 25 years(d) 30 yearsAns: (c) 25 years Q3. The right to vote
Part A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Q1. Who is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution? Q2. When was the Indian Constitution adopted? Q3. When did the Indian Constitution come into force? Q4. What was the main demand of the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa? Q5. Who became the first President of independent
Part A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Q1. Which form of government is considered the most accountable?(a) Dictatorship(b) Monarchy(c) Democracy(d) OligarchyAns: (c) Democracy Q2. Which of the following is an essential feature of democracy?(a) One-party rule(b) Military rule(c) Regular, free, and fair elections(d) Rule by kingsAns: (c) Regular, free, and fair elections Q3. In a
Part A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Q1. According to Census 2011, what was the population of India?a) 102 croreb) 121 crorec) 130 crored) 140 croreAns: b) 121 crore Q2. What is the rank of India in the world in terms of population size?a) Firstb) Secondc) Thirdd) FourthAns: b) Second Q3. Which state has the
Part A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Q1. Which type of forest is found in areas with more than 200 cm annual rainfall?a) Tropical Deciduousb) Tropical Evergreenc) Thorny Forestd) Montane ForestAns: b) Tropical Evergreen Q2. The Sundarbans are famous for which animal?a) Asiatic Lionb) Royal Bengal Tigerc) Snow Leopardd) Wild AssAns: b) Royal Bengal Tiger
Part A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Q1. Which of the following controls the climate of a place the most?(a) Latitude(b) Altitude(c) Ocean currents(d) All of theseAns: (d) All of these Q2. What is the average weather condition over a long period called?(a) Climate(b) Weather(c) Season(d) MonsoonAns: (a) Climate Q3. The monsoon winds blow from:(a)
