Q1. Assertion: Current in a series circuit is the same throughout.
Reason: Series connection has only one path for flow of electrons.

Q2. Assertion: Potential difference across resistors in parallel is the same.
Reason: Each resistor is connected directly across the source.

Q3. Assertion: Concave lens always forms virtual image.
Reason: Concave lens diverges light rays.

Q4. Assertion: Luminous objects emit light by themselves.
Reason: Non-luminous objects reflect light from luminous objects.

Q5. Assertion: Refractive index of water is less than that of glass.
Reason: Glass bends light more than water.

Q6. Assertion: Electric field inside a conductor is zero.
Reason: Free electrons move to cancel any applied field.

Q7. Assertion: Magnetic field lines never intersect.
Reason: At a point, magnetic field has only one direction.

Q8. Assertion: Reflection obeys the law of reflection.
Reason: Angle of incidence equals angle of reflection.

Q9. Assertion: Work done by conservative force is path-independent.
Reason: Gravitational force is conservative.

Q10. Assertion: Heat always flows from hot to cold body.
Reason: Second law of thermodynamics.