Statistics Statistics is the study of collection, organization, analysis and interpretation of data. Data A distinct piece of information in the form of fact or figures collected or represented for any specific purpose is called Data. In Latin, it is known as the Datum. Collection of Data Data are generally of two types Primary Data Data collected […]
Plane figure The figures which we can draw on a piece of paper or which lie on a plane are called Plane Figures. Example – Circle, Square, Rectangle etc. Solid figures The 3D shapes which occupy some space are called Solid Figures. Example – Cube, Cuboid, Sphere etc. Volume Space occupied by any solid shape is the capacity or volume of that
Perimeter It is the outside boundary of any closed shape. To find the perimeter we need to add all the sides of the given shape. The perimeter of a rectangle is the sum of its all sides. Its unit is same as of its length. Perimeter = 3 + 7 + 3 + 7 cm
Introduction to Circles There are lot many objects in our life which are round in shape. Few examples are the clock, dart board, cartwheel, ring, Vehicle wheel, Coins, etc. Circles Interior and Exterior of a Circle In a flat surface, the interior of a circle is the line whose distance from the centre is less than the radius. The exterior
Quadrilateral Any closed polygon with four sides, four angles and four vertices are called Quadrilateral. It could be regular or irregular. Angle Sum Property of a Quadrilateral The sum of the four angles of a quadrilateral is 360° If we draw a diagonal in the quadrilateral, it divides it into two triangles. And we know the
Triangle A closed figure with three sides is called a Triangle. It has three vertex, sides and Angles. Types of Triangle 1. There are three types of triangles on the basis of the length of the sides. Name of Triangle Property Image Scalene Length of all sides are different Isosceles Length of two sides are equal
Basic terms and Definitions 1. Point – A Point is that which has no component. It is represented by a dot. 2. Line – When we join two distinct points then we get a line. A line has no endpoints it can be extended infinitely. 3. Line Segment – It is the part of the line which has
Introduction Euclid was a teacher of mathematics at Alexandria in Egypt, popularly known as ‘Father of Geometry”. He introduced the method of proving mathematical results by using deductive logical reasoning and the previously proved result. He collected all his work in a book called “Elements”. This book is divided into thirteen chapters and each chapter is
Linear Equations The equation of a straight line is the linear equation. It could be in one variable or two variables. Linear Equation in One Variable The equation with one variable in it is known as a Linear Equation in One Variable. The general form is px + q = s, where p, q and s
Cartesian System If we take two number lines, one horizontal and one vertical, and then combine them in such a way that they intersect each other at their zeroes, and then they form a Cartesian Plane. Quadrants of the Cartesian Plane The Cartesian plane is dividing into four quadrants named as Quadrant I, II, III, and IV anticlockwise
Polynomial Polynomial is an algebraic expression which includes constants, variables and exponents. It is the expression in which the variables have only positive integral powers. Example 1. 4×3 + 3×2 + x +3 is a polynomial in variable x. 2. 4×2 + 3x-1 – 4 is not a polynomial as it has negative power. 3. 3×3/2 + 2x – 3 is
Natural Numbers Numbers 1, 2, 3…….∞, which are used for counting are called Natural numbers. The collection of natural numbers is denoted by N. Therefore, N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ….}. Whole Numbers All natural numbers including zero are called Whole Numbers. The collection of whole numbers is denoted by W. Therefore, W =
🧠 Important Concepts 📌 Properties of Rational and Irrational Numbers Operation Result Rational × Rational Rational Rational + Irrational Irrational Irrational × Irrational May be Rational or Irrational 🔢 Decimal Expansion ✅ Laws of Exponents for Real Numbers Let a > 0 and m, n be integers: 📘 Surds and Irrational Numbers 🔍 Representation on
