Case Study 1 India is the second most populous country in the world after China, with a population of over 1.4 billion. The population growth has been influenced by factors like high birth rates, declining death rates, and improvements in healthcare. The dense population in the northern plains, coastal regions, and urban areas affects resources, […]
Case Study 1 India has a rich diversity of natural vegetation due to its varied climate, topography, and soil types. Tropical evergreen forests are found in regions with heavy rainfall like the Western Ghats, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, and northeastern states. These forests remain green throughout the year, have dense tree cover, and provide valuable
Case Study 1 India experiences a diverse climate because of its vast size, varied relief, and location between 8°4′ N and 37°6′ N latitude. It lies in the tropical and subtropical zones. While southern India has a tropical climate, the northern regions experience temperate and alpine conditions in the Himalayas. This diversity influences agriculture, vegetation,
Case Study 1 India has a vast and complex river system, with rivers classified broadly into Himalayan (or perennial) and Peninsular (or seasonal) rivers. Himalayan rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra originate from glaciers in the Himalayas. They have a long course, are perennial, and provide fertile alluvial plains that support agriculture, settlements, and
Case Study 1 The Himalayas are the highest and youngest mountain ranges of India, stretching from Jammu & Kashmir in the west to Arunachal Pradesh in the east, covering approximately 2,500 km. They act as a natural barrier, protecting India from cold winds from Central Asia and influencing the climate. The Himalayan rivers like Ganga,
Case Study 1 India is the seventh largest country in the world, covering an area of about 32,87,263 sq. km. It lies entirely in the Northern Hemisphere between 8°4′ N to 37°6′ N latitude and 68°7′ E to 97°25′ E longitude. Its vast size gives India diverse climatic conditions, varied landscapes, and a wide range
Case Study 1 Pastoralists were communities whose main occupation was rearing animals. They lived in regions unsuitable for cultivation, such as deserts, mountains, and grasslands. Their movements were seasonal, following pastures and water sources. Colonial governments often viewed them as backward or unproductive, ignoring their knowledge of local ecosystems. Questions & Answers: Case Study 2
Case Study 1 During the colonial period, forests in India were heavily exploited for timber, fuel, and commercial purposes. British policies classified forests as state property and restricted local communities’ traditional rights. Villagers who depended on forests for grazing, fuelwood, and minor forest produce faced displacement and loss of livelihood. Questions & Answers: Case Study
Case Study 1 After World War I, Germany faced political instability, economic crisis, and humiliation due to the Treaty of Versailles (1919). Reparations, loss of territories, and national humiliation created anger and resentment among Germans. This environment provided fertile ground for extremist political movements, including the rise of the Nazi Party. Questions & Answers: Case
Case Study 1 In the 19th century, industrialization in Europe led to the growth of factories, urbanization, and exploitation of workers. The working class faced long hours, low wages, and poor living conditions. These inequalities inspired the ideas of socialism, emphasizing collective ownership, social justice, and equitable distribution of wealth. Questions & Answers: Case Study
Case Study 1 In the late 18th century, France was facing severe economic crisis. The monarchy under King Louis XVI was spending extravagantly while the common people suffered due to high taxes and food shortages. The society was divided into three estates: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. The burden of taxation fell mostly
1. Pastoralists in India 1.1 Pastoral Communities of the Himalayas 1.2 Pastoralists of the Plains 1.3 Pastoralists of Plateaus and Deserts 1.4 Pastoralists of Plateaus and Hills in the South 2. Colonial Rule and Pastoral Life The arrival of the British in India deeply changed the lives of pastoralists. 2.1 Colonial Attitude 2.2 Forest Acts
1. Why Deforestation? 1.1 Meaning of Deforestation Deforestation refers to the permanent destruction of forests to make the land available for other uses such as cultivation, mining, plantations, or construction. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, India witnessed massive deforestation due to British policies. 1.2 Causes of Deforestation in Colonial India 2. Forest Management
1. Birth of the Weimar Republic 1.1 Germany After World War I 1.2 Formation of the Weimar Republic 1.3 Treaty of Versailles (1919) 2. Political and Economic Crisis in Weimar Germany 2.1 Political Instability 2.2 Economic Problems 2.3 Collapse of Democracy 3. Hitler’s Rise to Power 3.1 Hitler’s Early Life 3.2 Nazi Party Formation 3.3
1. The Age of Social Change 1.1 European Society Before the Revolution 1.2 Liberalism 1.3 Radicalism 1.4 Conservatism 2. The Coming of Socialism to Europe 2.1 Early Socialism 2.2 Karl Marx and Scientific Socialism 2.3 Socialist Parties in Europe 3. The Russian Empire in 1914 3.1 The Tsarist Autocracy 3.2 Social Structure 3.3 Conditions of
1. French Society During the Late Eighteenth Century 1.1 The Ancient Régime 1.2 The Three Estates 1.3 Burden of Taxes 2. The Struggle to Survive 2.1 Population and Food Supply 2.2 Subsistence Crisis 3. The Growing Middle Class and New Ideas 3.1 Emergence of the Middle Class 3.2 Role of Enlightenment Philosophers 3.3 Influence of
🔹 Very Short Answer (1 mark) Q1. What is agriculture?Ans. Cultivation of crops and rearing of animals for food and other products. Q2. Define horticulture.Ans. Science of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. Q3. What is pisciculture?Ans. Rearing and breeding of fish commercially. Q4. What is sericulture?Ans. Cultivation of silk-producing silkworms. Q5. Define crop
🔹 Very Short Answer (1 mark) Q1. What is sound?Ans. Vibrations that travel through a medium and can be heard by our ears. Q2. Name the medium through which sound cannot travel.Ans. Vacuum (no air or particles). Q3. What is amplitude of a sound wave?Ans. Maximum displacement of particles from mean position. Q4. What is
🔹 Very Short Answer (1 mark) Q1. Define work.Ans. Work is said to be done when a force is applied on an object and it is displaced in the direction of the force. Q2. State the SI unit of work.Ans. Joule (J). Q3. Define 1 Joule of work.Ans. Work done when a force of 1
🔹 Very Short Answer (1 mark) Q1. What is gravitation?Ans. The attractive force by which every object in the universe pulls every other object towards itself. Q2. Who formulated the law of gravitation?Ans. Sir Isaac Newton. Q3. What is the SI unit of gravitational force?Ans. Newton (N). Q4. Define acceleration due to gravity (g).Ans. The
🔹 Very Short Answer (1 mark) Q1. Define force.Ans. A push or pull on an object which can change its state of rest or motion. Q2. What is the SI unit of force?Ans. Newton (N). Q3. Who formulated the three laws of motion?Ans. Sir Isaac Newton. Q4. Define inertia.Ans. The tendency of a body to
🔹 Very Short Answer (1 mark) Q1. Define motion.Ans. Motion is the change in position of a body with respect to time and a reference point. Q2. What is rest?Ans. A body is said to be at rest if its position does not change with respect to a reference point. Q3. What is distance?Ans. The
🔹 Very Short Answer (1 mark) Q1. What is a tissue?Ans. A group of similar cells performing a specific function. Q2. Who coined the term “tissue”?Ans. Bichat. Q3. How many types of plant tissues are there?Ans. Two – Meristematic and Permanent. Q4. What are meristematic tissues?Ans. Actively dividing cells in plants responsible for growth. Q5.
🔹 Very Short Answer (1 mark) Q1. Who discovered the cell?Ans. Robert Hooke in 1665. Q2. Who proposed the cell theory?Ans. Schleiden and Schwann. Q3. Who discovered the nucleus?Ans. Robert Brown. Q4. What is the structural and functional unit of life?Ans. Cell. Q5. Name the smallest cell.Ans. Mycoplasma. Q6. Name the largest cell.Ans. Ostrich egg.
🔹 Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark) Q1. Who discovered the electron?Ans. J.J. Thomson. Q2. Who discovered the proton?Ans. E. Goldstein (discovered canal rays → protons identified). Q3. Who discovered the neutron?Ans. James Chadwick in 1932. Q4. What is the charge on an electron?Ans. –1 (negative). Q5. Name the experiment conducted by Rutherford.Ans. Alpha particle
🔹 Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark) Q1. Who was the first to use the term ‘atom’?Ans. The term ‘atom’ was first used by the Greek philosopher Democritus. Q2. Who gave the modern atomic theory?Ans. John Dalton. Q3. What is the smallest particle of an element that takes part in a chemical reaction?Ans. Atom. Q4.
🔹 Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark Each) Q1. Define pure substance.Ans. A substance made up of only one kind of particles (atoms or molecules) is called a pure substance. Q2. What is a mixture?Ans. A substance composed of two or more pure substances physically mixed in any proportion. Q3. Give two examples of elements.Ans.
🔹 Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark Each) Q1. Define matter.Ans. Anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter. Q2. Name the three states of matter.Ans. Solid, Liquid and Gas. Q3. What is diffusion?Ans. The intermixing of particles of two substances on their own is called diffusion. Q4. Which state of matter has
A. Multiple Choice Questions (20) Q1. The major activities for improving crop yields are:a) Crop variety improvementb) Crop production improvementc) Crop protection managementd) All of these Q2. Which of these is a kharif crop?a) Wheatb) Paddyc) Mustardd) Gram Q3. Wheat and mustard are grown in:a) Winter (Rabi) seasonb) Summer (Kharif) seasonc) Bothd) None Q4. Biofertilizers
Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (20 Qs) Q1. Sound waves are:a) Longitudinalb) Transversec) Electromagneticd) Both (a) and (b) Q2. The speed of sound in air at 25°C is approximately:a) 200 m/sb) 330 m/sc) 1500 m/sd) 3000 m/s Q3. Which of the following media carries sound fastest?a) Airb) Waterc) Irond) Vacuum Q4. Sound cannot travel
Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (20 Qs) Q1. Work done is said to be zero when:a) Force is applied and displacement is zerob) Displacement is applied and force is zeroc) Force and displacement are perpendiculard) All of the above Q2. SI unit of work is:a) Jouleb) Wattc) Newtond) Erg Q3. If a body of
Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) [Q.1–20] Section B – True/False [Q.21–30] Section C – Fill in the Blanks [Q.31–40] Section D – Assertion & Reason [Q.41–50] Section E – Very Short Answer (1 Mark Each) [Q.51–60] Section F – Short Answer (2 Marks Each) [Q.61–70] Section G – Short Answer (3 Marks Each)
Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) [Q.1–20] (No figures in this section) Section B – True/False [Q.21–30] Section C – Fill in the Blanks [Q.31–40] Section D – Assertion & Reason [Q.41–50] 41. Assertion (A): A person in a car jerks backward when the car suddenly moves forward.Reason (R): Due to inertia of rest,
Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) [Q.1–20] Section B – True/False [Q.21–30] Section C – Fill in the Blanks [Q.31–40] Section D – Assertion & Reason [Q.41–50] Section E – Very Short Answer (1 Mark Each) [Q.51–60] Section F – Short Answer (2 Marks Each) [Q.61–70] Section G – Short Answer (3 Marks Each)
Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) [Q.1–20] Section B – True/False [Q.21–30] Section C – Fill in the Blanks [Q.31–40] Section D – Assertion & Reason [Q.41–50] Section E – Very Short Answer (1 Mark Each) [Q.51–60] Section F – Short Answer (2 Marks Each) [Q.61–70] Section G – Short Answer (3 Marks Each)
Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) [Q.1–20] Section B – True/False [Q.21–30] Section C – Fill in the Blanks [Q.31–40] Section D – Assertion & Reason [Q.41–50] Section E – Very Short Answer (1 Mark Each) [Q.51–60] Section F – Short Answer (2 Marks Each) [Q.61–70] Section G – Short Answer (3 Marks Each)
Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) [Q.1–20] Section B – True/False [Q.21–30] Section C – Fill in the Blanks [Q.31–40] Section D – Assertion & Reason [Q.41–50] Section E – Very Short Answer (1 Mark Each) [Q.51–60] Section F – Short Answer (2 Marks Each) [Q.61–70] Section G – Short Answer (3 Marks Each)
Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) [Q.1–20] Section B – True/False [Q.21–30] Section C – Fill in the Blanks [Q.31–40] Section D – Assertion & Reason [Q.41–50] Section E – Very Short Answer (1 Mark Each) [Q.51–60] Section F – Short Answer (2 Marks Each) [Q.61–70] Section G – Short Answer (3 Marks Each)
Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) [Q.1–20] Section B – True/False [Q.21–30] Section C – Fill in the Blanks [Q.31–40] Section D – Assertion & Reason [Q.41–50] Section E – Very Short Answer (1 Mark Each) [Q.51–60] Section F – Short Answer (2 Marks Each) [Q.61–70] Section G – Short Answer (3 Marks Each)
Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) [20 Questions × 1 mark = 20] Section B – True/False [10 Questions × 1 mark = 10] Section C – Fill in the Blanks [10 Questions × 1 mark = 10] Section D – Assertion & Reason [10 Questions × 1 mark = 10] Section E –
