Case Study 1:
Ramu lives in a village and works as a daily wage labourer. His income is uncertain and he often struggles to provide basic necessities like food and shelter for his family.

(a) What type of poverty is this?

(i) Absolute Poverty (ii) Relative Poverty (iii) Urban Poverty (iv) Seasonal Poverty

Answer: (i) Absolute Poverty

(b) What is the main reason for his condition?

(i) High income (ii) Unemployment (iii) Education (iv) Technology

Answer: (ii) Unemployment

(c) What does absolute poverty mean?

Answer: It refers to the inability to meet basic needs like food, clothing, and shelter.

(d) Suggest one solution.

Answer: Providing employment opportunities through government schemes.

Case Study 2:
In a city, some people live in slums without proper sanitation, clean water, or housing facilities.

(a) Which type of poverty is shown?

(i) Rural Poverty (ii) Urban Poverty (iii) Seasonal Poverty (iv) Relative Poverty

Answer: (ii) Urban Poverty

(b) What is a major problem here?

(i) Clean environment (ii) Lack of basic facilities (iii) High income (iv) Education

Answer: (ii) Lack of basic facilities

(c) What is slum?

Answer: A densely populated area with poor housing and living conditions.

(d) Suggest one improvement.

Answer: Provide better housing and sanitation facilities.

Case Study 3:
Farmers remain unemployed during off-season and struggle to earn income.

(a) What type of poverty is this?

(i) Seasonal Poverty (ii) Absolute Poverty (iii) Urban Poverty (iv) Relative Poverty

Answer: (i) Seasonal Poverty

(b) What causes this?

(i) Continuous work (ii) Lack of work in off-season (iii) High income (iv) Education

Answer: (ii) Lack of work in off-season

(c) What is seasonal poverty?

Answer: Poverty faced during certain times when work is not available.

(d) Suggest a solution.

Answer: Promote alternative employment like small industries.

Case Study 4:
Government introduced schemes like MGNREGA to provide employment and reduce poverty.

(a) What type of step is this?

(i) Social measure (ii) Economic measure (iii) Political measure (iv) Cultural measure

Answer: (ii) Economic measure

(b) What is the aim of such schemes?

(i) Increase poverty (ii) Reduce poverty (iii) Increase population (iv) Control media

Answer: (ii) Reduce poverty

(c) What is MGNREGA?

Answer: A government scheme providing guaranteed employment in rural areas.

(d) How does it help?

Answer: It provides income and improves living standards.

Case Study 5:
Some families are poor because they do not have access to education and skills.

(a) What is a major cause of poverty here?

(i) Education (ii) Illiteracy (iii) Wealth (iv) Technology

Answer: (ii) Illiteracy

(b) How does education help?

(i) Reduces skills (ii) Improves job opportunities (iii) Increases poverty (iv) Reduces income

Answer: (ii) Improves job opportunities

(c) What is illiteracy?

Answer: Lack of basic education and reading-writing skills.

(d) Suggest one solution.

Answer: Promote education and skill development programs.