Case Study 1: Plant Tissue – Meristematic Tissue
During a biology practical, Ankit observed the root tip of an onion. He noticed that cells were continuously dividing in this region, making the root grow longer. His teacher explained that these cells are meristematic tissues, found in growing regions of plants like root tips, shoot tips, and cambium.
Questions:
- The tissue observed at root tip = ?
(a) Permanent tissue (b) Meristematic tissue (c) Xylem (d) Phloem
Answer: (b) - Cells in meristematic tissues are:
(a) dead (b) dividing (c) empty (d) thick-walled
Answer: (b) - Meristematic tissue at root/shoot tip is called:
(a) apical (b) intercalary (c) lateral (d) permanent
Answer: (a) - Cambium contains:
(a) apical meristem (b) lateral meristem (c) permanent cells (d) none
Answer: (b) - Meristematic tissue helps in:
(a) photosynthesis (b) transport (c) growth (d) respiration
Answer: (c)
Case Study 2: Plant Tissue – Permanent Tissue
In another experiment, students observed that some plant cells lost the ability to divide and became specialized for particular functions such as photosynthesis, storage, or support. These were permanent tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
Questions:
- Permanent tissues are formed from:
(a) xylem (b) phloem (c) meristematic tissue (d) epidermis
Answer: (c) - Parenchyma cells are mainly for:
(a) storage and photosynthesis (b) support (c) transport (d) reproduction
Answer: (a) - Collenchyma provides:
(a) mechanical support (b) photosynthesis (c) conduction (d) storage
Answer: (a) - Sclerenchyma cells are:
(a) living (b) dead (c) dividing (d) none
Answer: (b) - Which tissue makes coconut husk hard?
(a) parenchyma (b) collenchyma (c) sclerenchyma (d) xylem
Answer: (c)
Case Study 3: Plant Tissue – Xylem
Rohit studied a diagram of vascular tissue and saw thick-walled cells forming tubes that transported water and minerals from roots to leaves. The teacher explained that this was xylem, consisting of tracheids, vessels, xylem fibres, and xylem parenchyma.
Questions:
- Xylem transports:
(a) food (b) water and minerals (c) hormones (d) proteins
Answer: (b) - Main conducting elements of xylem in angiosperms = ?
(a) tracheids (b) vessels (c) parenchyma (d) fibres
Answer: (b) - Which xylem element is living?
(a) vessels (b) tracheids (c) fibres (d) xylem parenchyma
Answer: (d) - Dead elements of xylem are:
(a) vessels, tracheids, fibres (b) parenchyma only (c) collenchyma (d) none
Answer: (a) - Xylem provides:
(a) only transport (b) transport + support (c) only photosynthesis (d) only food conduction
Answer: (b)
Case Study 4: Plant Tissue – Phloem
Meena observed sieve tubes and companion cells under a microscope. Her teacher explained that these form phloem, which transports prepared food (sucrose) from leaves to other parts of the plant through translocation.
Questions:
- Phloem transports:
(a) water (b) minerals (c) food (d) gases
Answer: (c) - Which element of phloem is living?
(a) sieve tubes (b) companion cells (c) phloem parenchyma (d) all
Answer: (d) - Which phloem element is dead?
(a) sieve tube (b) companion cell (c) phloem fibres (d) phloem parenchyma
Answer: (c) - Process of food transport is called:
(a) transpiration (b) translocation (c) respiration (d) osmosis
Answer: (b) - Transport in phloem is:
(a) upward only (b) bidirectional (c) downward only (d) none
Answer: (b)
Case Study 5: Protective Tissues
Anjali noticed that the outermost layer of onion peel is a protective covering. Her teacher explained that epidermis protects against injury, while in cork cells, a chemical called suberin makes them impermeable to water and gases.
Questions:
- Protective tissue in plants = ?
(a) xylem (b) epidermis (c) parenchyma (d) phloem
Answer: (b) - Cork cells contain:
(a) cellulose (b) lignin (c) suberin (d) starch
Answer: (c) - Epidermis function = ?
(a) transport (b) photosynthesis (c) protection (d) conduction
Answer: (c) - Stomata are found in:
(a) xylem (b) epidermis (c) sclerenchyma (d) none
Answer: (b) - Guard cells regulate:
(a) water loss (b) stomatal opening (c) gas exchange (d) all of these
Answer: (d)
Case Study 6: Animal Tissue – Epithelial Tissue
During a histology slide observation, students saw tightly packed cells covering surfaces of the body and organs. These were epithelial tissues, classified as squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and ciliated depending on shape and function.
Questions:
- Epithelial tissue covers:
(a) only internal organs (b) body surface and organs (c) only skin (d) bones
Answer: (b) - Squamous epithelium function = ?
(a) diffusion (b) protection (c) both (d) none
Answer: (c) - Ciliated epithelium is found in:
(a) trachea (b) stomach (c) heart (d) kidney
Answer: (a) - Cuboidal epithelium is present in:
(a) glands (b) alveoli (c) brain (d) cartilage
Answer: (a) - Columnar epithelium is found in:
(a) intestine (b) lungs (c) bones (d) skin
Answer: (a)
Case Study 7: Animal Tissue – Connective Tissue
Rahul’s biology teacher explained that connective tissue binds and supports body parts. Bone gives structure, cartilage provides flexibility, areolar tissue fills spaces, adipose stores fat, and blood transports materials.
Questions:
- Bone matrix contains:
(a) chitin (b) cellulose (c) calcium and phosphorus (d) lignin
Answer: (c) - Cartilage is found in:
(a) nose and ear (b) skin (c) brain (d) blood
Answer: (a) - Areolar tissue connects:
(a) muscle to bone (b) bone to bone (c) fills spaces between organs (d) none
Answer: (c) - Fat is stored in:
(a) cartilage (b) adipose tissue (c) areolar tissue (d) ligaments
Answer: (b) - Blood is a:
(a) epithelial tissue (b) connective tissue (c) muscular tissue (d) nervous tissue
Answer: (b)
Case Study 8: Animal Tissue – Muscular Tissue
During sports, athletes use their skeletal muscles for movement. Muscular tissue is classified into striated (voluntary), unstriated (involuntary), and cardiac (heart). These help in movement, peristalsis, and pumping of blood.
Questions:
- Striated muscles are:
(a) voluntary (b) involuntary (c) only in heart (d) smooth
Answer: (a) - Cardiac muscles are:
(a) voluntary (b) involuntary (c) both (d) none
Answer: (b) - Unstriated muscles are found in:
(a) intestine (b) legs (c) heart (d) biceps
Answer: (a) - Cardiac muscles are:
(a) multinucleate (b) uninucleate (c) branched and involuntary (d) both b and c
Answer: (d) - Muscular tissue function = ?
(a) movement (b) conduction (c) secretion (d) storage
Answer: (a)
Case Study 9: Animal Tissue – Nervous Tissue
Sanya studied a nerve cell under the microscope and saw a long structure with a cell body, axon, and dendrites. Nervous tissue coordinates and controls body functions through electrical impulses.
Questions:
- Structural unit of nervous tissue = ?
(a) brain (b) neuron (c) spinal cord (d) nerve
Answer: (b) - Neuron consists of:
(a) cell body (b) axon (c) dendrites (d) all
Answer: (d) - Function of nervous tissue = ?
(a) coordination (b) control (c) conduction of impulses (d) all
Answer: (d) - Neuron carries messages in form of:
(a) hormones (b) electrical impulses (c) blood (d) enzymes
Answer: (b) - Myelin sheath provides:
(a) insulation (b) digestion (c) support (d) hormones
Answer: (a)
Case Study 10: Comparison of Plant and Animal Tissues
In a revision session, the teacher compared plant and animal tissues. Plant tissues are mostly supportive and simple due to less movement, while animal tissues are highly specialized (nervous, muscular) to help in movement and coordination.
Questions:
- Plant tissues are mainly:
(a) supportive (b) coordinating (c) protective (d) none
Answer: (a) - Animal tissues are more:
(a) simple (b) complex and specialized (c) uniform (d) none
Answer: (b) - Nervous tissue is absent in:
(a) plants (b) animals (c) humans (d) none
Answer: (a) - Collenchyma and sclerenchyma provide:
(a) storage (b) support (c) conduction (d) protection
Answer: (b) - Specialized tissues for movement are found in:
(a) plants (b) animals (c) both (d) none
Answer: (b)