Population: Distribution, Density, Growth, and Composition
1. Introduction
- Meaning of population geography
- Importance of studying population
2. Population Distribution
- Uneven distribution of world population
- Factors influencing distribution (physical, economic, social, political)
- Case studies: South Asia, Sahara Desert, Europe, etc.
3. Population Density
- Meaning & types (arithmetic, physiological, agricultural)
- Patterns across the world & India
- Factors influencing density
4. Population Growth
- Meaning of growth, natural growth, positive & negative growth
- Phases of world population growth (pre-agriculture, early agriculture, industrial revolution, modern period)
- Population explosion
- India’s population growth trends (1901–2021)
5. Population Composition
- Sex ratio
- Age structure
- Literacy levels
- Rural–urban composition
- Occupation structure
- Case studies (India, Japan, Nigeria, USA, etc.)
6. Theories of Population Growth
- Malthusian theory
- Marxian theory
- Demographic transition theory (3 stages + modern 5-stage version)
7. Importance of Population Studies
- Economic planning
- Human resource development
- Sustainable development
8. Key Terms & Diagrams
- Pyramid diagrams (age–sex pyramid types)
- Population density map references
9. Case Studies / Examples
- Japan (ageing population)
- India (youth bulge)
- Nigeria (high fertility)
- Europe (declining population)
10. Sample Answer Frames
- 1-mark, 3-mark, 5-mark, and 6-mark CBSE-style questions