Case Study 1:
A decision was taken by the Prime Minister without consulting the Cabinet. Later, it was criticised for not following proper procedure.

(a) Which body should be consulted?

(i) President (ii) Cabinet (iii) Judiciary (iv) Parliament

Answer: (ii) Cabinet

(b) Why is consultation important?

(i) Saves time (ii) Democratic decision (iii) Power sharing (iv) Control media

Answer: (ii) Democratic decision

(c) What is Cabinet?

Answer: A group of senior ministers who take major government decisions.

(d) What does this show?

Answer: Decisions should be collective, not individual.

Case Study 2:
A law was passed by Parliament after discussion and approval by both Houses and was later signed by the President.

(a) Which institution makes laws?

(i) Executive (ii) Legislature (iii) Judiciary (iv) Media

Answer: (ii) Legislature

(b) What are the two Houses?

(i) Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha (ii) PM & President (iii) Court & Police (iv) Cabinet & Ministers

Answer: (i) Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha

(c) What is role of President?

Answer: To give assent and make the bill a law.

(d) Why is discussion important?

Answer: It ensures careful decision-making and representation.

Case Study 3:
The Supreme Court declared a law invalid because it violated Fundamental Rights.

(a) Which institution is this?

(i) Executive (ii) Legislature (iii) Judiciary (iv) Media

Answer: (iii) Judiciary

(b) What is this power called?

(i) Law making (ii) Judicial Review (iii) Election (iv) Execution

Answer: (ii) Judicial Review

(c) What is role of judiciary?

Answer: To interpret laws and protect Fundamental Rights.

(d) Why is it important?

Answer: It ensures laws are fair and constitutional.

Case Study 4:
The Parliament questioned the government about its policies and actions during a session.

(a) Which function is this?

(i) Law making (ii) Control over executive (iii) Judicial work (iv) Election

Answer: (ii) Control over executive

(b) Which house is more powerful?

(i) Rajya Sabha (ii) Lok Sabha (iii) Supreme Court (iv) President

Answer: (ii) Lok Sabha

(c) Why is Lok Sabha powerful?

Answer: It controls money matters and government formation.

(d) Why is questioning important?

Answer: It ensures accountability of the government.

Case Study 5:
The President appointed the Prime Minister and other ministers based on the majority party in Lok Sabha.

(a) Who appoints the Prime Minister?

(i) Parliament (ii) President (iii) Judiciary (iv) Public

Answer: (ii) President

(b) On what basis?

(i) Election (ii) Majority support (iii) Personal choice (iv) Judiciary

Answer: (ii) Majority support

(c) What is role of PM?

Answer: To lead the government and take major decisions.

(d) Why is majority important?

Answer: It ensures democratic legitimacy and stable government.