political science CBSE CLASS 11 – POLITICAL SCIENCE (COURSE B) (sample paper)

🟩 CBSE CLASS 11 – POLITICAL SCIENCE (COURSE B)

CHAPTER 5 – Outcomes of Development

Sample Question Paper (Full Marks: 40)
Time: 90 Minutes

🧩 General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. Marks are indicated against each question.
3. Answers should be brief and to the point.
4. Give examples wherever necessary.

SECTION – A (Very Short Answer Type Questions)

(1 Mark each)

Q1. Define “development outcomes”.
Answer: Development outcomes are the real improvements in people’s lives resulting from economic, social, and political policies.

Q2. Name one government program aimed at poverty alleviation in India.
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

Q3. Which indicator is commonly used to measure health outcomes?
Answer: Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Q4. What was the focus of India’s 1967 Development Policy?
Answer: Modernization, industrial growth, social welfare, and addressing regional disparities.

Q5. Give one example of a positive environmental outcome of development.
Answer: Adoption of renewable energy or sustainable agriculture.

Q6. Name a social outcome of development related to education.
Answer: Increase in literacy rate and school enrollment.

Q7. What does inclusive development aim to reduce?
Answer: Inequality and social exclusion.

Q8. Which year’s development policy emphasized rural development and employment generation?
Answer: 1971 Development Policy

SECTION – B (Short Answer Type Questions)

(2 Marks each)

Q9. List two economic outcomes of development in India.
Answer:

1. Growth in national income and per capita income.
2. Reduction in poverty levels through employment and welfare programs.

Q10. Mention two social outcomes of development.
Answer:

1. Improvement in literacy rates and education access.
2. Better health outcomes such as higher life expectancy and lower infant mortality.

Q11. Name two challenges in achieving equitable development outcomes.
Answer:

1. Unequal distribution of benefits favoring urban and industrial populations.
2. Social exclusion of SC/ST, minorities, and women.

Q12. How does development influence political stability?
Answer:

• Inclusive development strengthens democracy and reduces social unrest.
• Equitable distribution of benefits increases political participation and representation.

Q13. Mention one positive and one negative environmental outcome of development.
Answer:

• Positive: Renewable energy adoption.
• Negative: Deforestation and pollution.

Q14. Why is monitoring development outcomes important?
Answer:

• Ensures policies are effective and benefits reach all sections.
• Helps identify gaps in education, health, employment, and social welfare.

SECTION – C (Long Answer Type Questions)

(4 Marks each)

Q15. Explain the economic outcomes of development in India.
Answer:

• Growth in National Income: Increase in GDP and per capita income.
• Poverty Reduction: BPL population decreased; employment and welfare programs improved living standards.
• Employment Generation: Industrialization, service sector, and entrepreneurship created jobs.
• Inequality Reduction: Policies like progressive taxation, affirmative action, and social welfare programs helped reduce income and regional inequalities.

Q16. Discuss the social outcomes of development.
Answer:

• Education: Increased literacy, higher school enrollment, gender parity. Programs: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Mid-Day Meal Scheme.
• Health: Life expectancy improvement, lower IMR and MMR. Programs: National Health Mission, immunization campaigns.
• Empowerment: Women’s empowerment, inclusion of marginalized communities, political participation. Examples: Panchayat reservation, scholarships.

Q17. Explain the environmental outcomes of development and the need for balance.
Answer:

• Negative Outcomes: Deforestation, pollution, soil erosion, water scarcity.
• Positive Outcomes: Renewable energy, green infrastructure, sustainable agriculture.
• Need for Balance: Development must ensure economic growth without degrading environmental resources to ensure sustainability.

Q18. Outline the historical development policies in India (1951-1971) and their outcomes.
Answer:

• First Plan (1951-56): Focused on agriculture and irrigation; outcome: basic infrastructure and food security.
• Second Plan (1956-61): Industrialization with emphasis on public sector; outcome: industrial growth and employment.
• Third Plan (1961-66): Self-reliance and poverty reduction; outcome: moderate economic growth.
• 1967 Policy: Modernization, social welfare, regional equity.
• 1971 Policy: Rural development, employment generation, social justice; outcome: targeted poverty alleviation and inclusive growth.

SECTION – D (Essay Type Questions)

(6 Marks each)

Q19. Evaluate the challenges in achieving development outcomes in India.
Answer:

• Unequal distribution of benefits favoring urban and industrial areas.
• Persistent poverty and unemployment in backward regions.
• Social exclusion of SC/ST, minorities, and women.
• Environmental degradation threatening sustainability.
• Regional disparities causing uneven development.
• Conclusion: Inclusive policies, monitoring, and targeted programs are needed to overcome these challenges.

Q20. Suggest strategies to improve development outcomes in India.
Answer:

1. Targeted Social Programs: Focus on education, health, and welfare for marginalized groups.
2. Inclusive Economic Policies: Promote rural employment, labor-intensive industries, and SMEs.
3. Sustainable Development: Renewable energy, green technologies, conservation efforts.
4. Monitoring and Evaluation: Use indicators like literacy rate, life expectancy, poverty rate, Gini coefficient.
5. Political Engagement: Ensure participation of all groups in planning and governance.

• Conclusion: Balanced approach integrating economic growth, social justice, and sustainability ensures effective development outcomes.

Full Marks Distribution Summary