political science CBSE class 11 course B chapter:4 (sample paper)

🟩 CBSE CLASS 11 – POLITICAL SCIENCE (COURSE B)

CHAPTER 4 – Challenges to Development

Sample Question Paper (Full Marks: 40)
Time: 90 Minutes

🧩 General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. Marks are indicated against each question.
3. Answers should be brief and to the point.
4. Give examples wherever necessary.

SECTION – A (Very Short Answer Type Questions)

(1 Mark each)

Q1. Define development in the context of a country.
Answer: Development is the process of improving the economic, social, and political well-being of a country’s people.

Q2. Name two major social groups that face exclusion in India.
Answer: Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs)

Q3. What is disguised unemployment?
Answer: Disguised unemployment occurs when more people work in a sector than actually needed, common in agriculture.

Q4. Which scheme was launched to provide rural employment in India?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGA)

Q5. Name one environmental problem caused by industrialization.
Answer: Air or water pollution

Q6. Define inequality.
Answer: Inequality is the unequal distribution of income, wealth, and opportunities among people.

Q7. Mention one major challenge posed by globalization.
Answer: Increased competition leading to loss of traditional livelihoods

Q8. Name a government initiative to improve agricultural productivity.
Answer: Green Revolution

SECTION – B (Short Answer Type Questions)

(2 Marks each)

Q9. List two causes of poverty in India.
Answer:

1. Historical backwardness and colonial exploitation.
2. Unequal resource distribution and population pressure.

Q10. What are the main types of unemployment in India?
Answer:

1. Structural or chronic unemployment.
2. Disguised unemployment.
3. Seasonal unemployment.

Q11. Mention two causes of regional disparities in India.
Answer:

1. Unequal resource endowments (land, minerals, water).
2. Historical neglect of certain regions and poor infrastructure.

Q12. How does population pressure affect development?
Answer:

• Strains resources like food, water, housing, healthcare.
• Increases competition for jobs and education.
• Puts pressure on government to provide basic services.

Q13. Give two examples of social exclusion in India.
Answer:

1. Gender inequality limiting women’s participation.
2. Caste-based discrimination affecting SC/ST communities.

Q14. Why is sustainable development necessary?
Answer:

• To balance economic growth with environmental protection.
• Prevents degradation of natural resources.
• Ensures resources are available for future generations.

SECTION – C (Long Answer Type Questions)

(4 Marks each)

Q15. Explain the challenges faced by Indian agriculture.
Answer:

• Small and fragmented landholdings.
• Dependence on monsoons and inadequate irrigation.
• Low productivity and outdated technology.
• Debt burden causing farmer distress.
  Measures: Green Revolution, Minimum Support Price (MSP), modern agricultural practices.

Q16. Discuss the main environmental challenges in India due to development.
Answer:

• Deforestation and loss of biodiversity.
• Air and water pollution from industries.
• Soil degradation and water scarcity.
• Urbanization and infrastructure affecting natural habitats.
• Need for sustainable practices like renewable energy, afforestation, and pollution control.

Q17. How does unemployment affect India’s development?
Answer:

• Reduces national income and economic growth.
• Leads to poverty and social tension.
• Decreases quality of life and increases dependence on government aid.
• Hinders human capital development.

Q18. Explain how globalization poses both opportunities and challenges for India.
Answer:
Opportunities:

• Foreign investment and technology transfer.
• Access to global markets and increased trade.

Challenges:

• Exposure to global economic fluctuations.
• Unequal benefits across regions and social groups.
• Competition causing decline in traditional livelihoods.

SECTION – D (Essay Type Questions)

(6 Marks each)

Q19. Evaluate the main social challenges in India’s development.
Answer:

• Poverty: Limits access to basic needs and opportunities.
• Inequality: Unequal wealth and resources affect social cohesion.
• Social Exclusion: SC/ST, women, and minorities face barriers to participation.
• Education and Health: Low literacy, malnutrition, and poor healthcare hinder growth.
• Government programs like MGNREGA, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, and National Health Mission aim to address these challenges.
  Conclusion: Social inclusion and equity are essential for sustainable development.

Q20. Suggest strategies to overcome India’s development challenges.
Answer:

1. Poverty Alleviation: Employment schemes, rural development, microfinance.
2. Reducing Inequality: Reservation policies, inclusive education, progressive taxation.
3. Employment Generation: Skill development, entrepreneurship promotion.
4. Sustainable Development: Renewable energy, afforestation, pollution control.
5. Regional Development: SEZs, infrastructure development, incentives for backward areas.
6. Social Inclusion: Women empowerment programs, SC/ST and minority welfare.
   Conclusion: A balanced approach integrating economic growth, social justice, and environmental protection is key to India’s future development.

Full Marks Distribution Summary