CBSE CLASS 11 – POLITICAL SCIENCE (COURSE B) chapter 3 (sample paper)

🟩 CBSE CLASS 11 – POLITICAL SCIENCE (COURSE B)

CHAPTER 3 – Politics of Planned Development

Sample Question Paper (Full Marks: 40)
Time: 90 Minutes

🧩 General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. Marks are indicated against each question.
3. Answers should be brief and to the point.
4. Give examples wherever necessary.

SECTION – A (Very Short Answer Type Questions)

(1 Mark each)

Q1. In which year was the Planning Commission established?
Answer: 1950

Q2. Who was the first Chairperson of the Planning Commission?
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru

Q3. Name the model on which the Second Five-Year Plan was based.
Answer: Mahalanobis Model

Q4. Which plan focused mainly on agriculture and irrigation?
Answer: First Five-Year Plan (1951–1956)

Q5. What was the key objective of the Green Revolution?
Answer: To increase food production and achieve self-sufficiency in food grains.

Q6. What was the main slogan of the Fifth Five-Year Plan?
Answer: “Garibi Hatao” (Eradicate Poverty)

Q7. Name one major industrial project established during the Second Plan.
Answer: Bhilai Steel Plant (others: Rourkela, Durgapur)

Q8. What is the meaning of a “Mixed Economy”?
Answer: An economic system where both private and public sectors coexist.

SECTION – B (Short Answer Type Questions)

(2 Marks each)

Q9. Why was planned development necessary in post-independence India?
Answer:

• Economy was backward, agriculture was underdeveloped, and industry was limited.
• Poverty, unemployment, and inequality needed to be addressed.
• Planning ensured efficient allocation of resources and balanced development.

Q10. List any two objectives of planned development in India.
Answer:

1. Economic growth and modernization.
2. Reduction of inequality and creation of employment.

Q11. Explain the role of the Planning Commission.
Answer:

• Formulates Five-Year Plans.
• Assesses resources and priorities.
• Monitors implementation of development programs.
• Guides national economic strategy.

Q12. What were the main achievements of the First Five-Year Plan?
Answer:

• Focus on agriculture and irrigation.
• Community development programs introduced.
• National income grew by 3.6%, exceeding target.
• Foundation laid for future industrial growth.

Q13. Mention two limitations of India’s planned development.
Answer:

1. Persistent poverty and inequality.
2. Bureaucratic inefficiency and regional imbalance.

Q14. How did democratic politics influence India’s planning?
Answer:

• Balanced growth and social justice within a democratic framework.
• Encouraged participation of citizens in planning and implementation.
• Mixed economy model ensured both growth and equity.

SECTION – C (Long Answer Type Questions)

(4 Marks each)

Q15. Describe the main focus of the Second and Third Five-Year Plans.
Answer:

• Second Plan (1956–61): Industrialization, heavy industries, public sector leadership, establishment of steel plants, Mahalanobis model.
• Third Plan (1961–66): Self-reliance in food grains, combined focus on agriculture and industry; faced wars, drought, and foreign exchange crisis; failed to achieve targets.

Q16. Explain the political debates surrounding planned development.
Answer:

• State vs Market: Debate on whether state should control resources or allow private initiative.
• Public vs Private Sector: Public sector inefficiency vs private sector freedom.
• Centre-State Relations: Centralized planning sometimes conflicted with states’ demands.
• Poverty and Inequality: Critics argued that planning favored the rich and urban population.

Q17. What was the Green Revolution, and what were its outcomes?
Answer:

• Definition: Agricultural transformation using high-yield seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation (1960s).
• Outcomes:
  • Increased food production, self-sufficiency in grains.
  • Benefited Punjab, Haryana, and Western UP.
  • Drawbacks: regional imbalance, increased inequality, environmental issues.

Q18. Evaluate the achievements and limitations of India’s planned development.
Answer:
Achievements:

• Economic growth and industrialization.
• Food self-sufficiency (Green Revolution).
• Strengthening of democratic institutions and policy framework.
• Social welfare and employment programs.

Limitations:

• Slow growth in some periods.
• Poverty persisted.
• Regional and social inequalities remained.
• Bureaucratic inefficiency and environmental concerns.

SECTION – D (Essay Type Questions)

(6 Marks each)

Q19. Discuss the role of democratic politics in shaping India’s planned development.
Answer:

• Planning aimed at inclusive growth within a democracy.
• Citizen participation through community development programs.
• Ensured balance between economic growth and social justice.
• Democratic accountability influenced plan priorities and implementation.
• Public debates and political discourse guided reforms and resource allocation.
  Conclusion: Democratic politics ensured that planning addressed both growth and equity.

Q20. How did the Indian approach to planning change over time?
Answer:

• 1950s–1970s: State-led development, mixed economy, public sector emphasis, Green Revolution.
• 1980s–1990s: Focus on efficiency, liberalization, and private sector.
• 1991 onwards: Economic reforms, globalization, market-oriented growth.
• Present: NITI Aayog promotes cooperative federalism, strategic planning, and participatory development.
  Conclusion: India adapted its planning model to changing economic and political realities, balancing growth with social justice.

✅ Full Marks Distribution Summary